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POWER ORANGE COUNTY, SOLAR POWER ORANGE COUNTY CA, ORANGE COUNTY
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Solar Power
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Zero
Down Solar Made Easy!
BRIAN
POWERS
CONSTRUCTION
& SOLAR POWER
23632 Via Fabricante, Suite F
Mission Viejo, CA 92691
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NOTE:
The information
and notices contained on this website are intended as
general research and information and are expressly not
intended, and should not be regarded, as medical, financial
or legal advice. The articles are from free sources.
"I'd
put my money on the Sun and Solar Energy, what a source
of Power! I hope we don't have to wait until oil and
coal run out, before we tackle that." -Thomas Edison
"Solar
energy is a clean alternative energy source. It's clear,
given the current energy crisis, that we need to embrace
new sources of renewable energy that are good for our
planet. I believe very strongly in using technology
to provide affordable options that all consumers can
put into practice." -Yang Yang UCLA Engineering Professor
"We
were delighted to have worked with Microsoft on its
electric solar system. Microsoft is effectively lowering
operating costs, reducing purchases of expensive peak
electricity, and improving the health and quality of
life in California through its Silicon Valley Campus
solar power program." -Dan Shuga President of PowerLight
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Welcome
To
Solar
Power Orange County
GET YOUR FREE ESTIMATE TODAY!
ITS LIKE FREE SOLAR
ENERGY FOR YOUR HOME
ZERO DOWN SOLAR POWER MADE
EASY!
New solar funds
make going solar more affordable than ever.
Solar Power Orange County can Design, Install
and Finance your solar system.
Call
your solar pro, Brian Powers at Solar Power Orange County!
It's
easy to see if you qualify for Zero Down Solar.
It is important to first find out if you qualify
for our service. Only about 30% of homeowners
actually qualify, but those who do begin saving
immediately. Take a second to answer these questions.
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Is
Your current electric bill over $150 per month? |
Does
your house have a south or west facing roof?
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Do
you have minimal shading from trees or buildings?
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Is
your credit score 700 or higher or own your
home (Hero Program) |
If
you answered YES to all four questions, your house
is one step closer to being eligible for a solar
system with ZERO MONEY DOWN!
No
upfront costs
We
purchase the system for you. You never make a
payment. You do not pay for the system, permits,
installation, or any other system startup costs.
No Maintenance
Since we own the system, we maintain it. It is
connected to the internet and notifies us if anything
goes wrong and we respond quickly to fix any issue(s).
We guarantee our electric service!
You save money from day one
Once your system is connected, the cost of your
electricity drops to your new, low, solar rate.
You do not need to wait years for a return on
investment. There is no investment and immediate
savings!
Protect against increasing energy
costs
Energy costs have been growing at high rates over
the past three decades and are projected to keep
increasing. Solar offers you secure protection
from these rate increases in the future.
Solar Power Orange County
Has
Your Solutions
CALL
US TODAY (949) 488-3207
Specialists
in Solar Power
THE
BASICS
Residential
and Commercial Solar Electric
Solar Power Orange County, Inc. specializes
in residential and commercial solar
electric systems with a General
Contractor's Class B License and Solar
Contractor's C46 License. They install
quickly, with above code processes and
the highest quality equipment. Solar Power Orange County combines technical expertise,
project management experience, exceptional
customer service, and state of the art
engineering to create a fully integrated
solar package.
Save
Money From Day One
You can save
money from day one, with
no money down, no upfront fees and no
maintenance. Solar Power Orange County
offers a simple Solar as a Service Program,
where they take care of everything.
Start saving today by generating your
own power, thanks to the sun and your
Solar Power Orange County installation.
Brian Powers is the man to see at Solar Power Orange County.
QUESTIONS
ON SOLAR POWER,
CALL US TODAY (949) 488-3207
Save
Money From
Day One
MOVE
TOWARD ENERGY SELF-SUFFICIENCY!
Are
you shocked by the cost of electricity
for your home or for your business?
The cost of electricity
can be substantially lower or even non-existent
when you install a solar energy system
with Solar Power Orange County.
You
can purchase and have Solar Power Orange County install or you can put no money
down and pay by the month. We guarantee
that your new energy bill, no matter how
you buy, will be saving you substantial
money from Day One. Call Brian Powers at
Solar Power Orange County today and start
saving substantial money!
Simply
pay a low monthly bill and save. The system
performance and savings are guaranteed.
And, your savings will increase every
year. As electricity costs go up, your
solar installation will save you even
more. Solar Power Orange County can provide
these savings for you .
The
installation and maintenance is free.
A 20-Year 100% warranty is available.
Solar Power Orange County will monitor
the system for you. They thought of it
all. With your solar installation, you
are on the path to energy self-sufficiency
while at the same time, going green. Why
rely on a public system that will cost
you that much more next year? Their methods
pollute; yours will be environmentally
friendly. Control your own energy destiny.
Call Brian Powers at Solar Power Orange County
to start on your path to savings today!
GET YOUR FREE ESTIMATE TODAY!
CALL US TODAY (949) 488-3207
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HERE
IS HOW IT WORKS:
We are with you every step of the way on your
path to lower electricity costs.
Here is how it works...
Evaluate
We conduct a Residential Electricity Service
Analysis in which our technician evaluates your
property to determine if our service is a good
fit for you and your home.

Qualify
Once we analyze the results, we provide you
with your new electricity rate and the amount
you will be saving each month.
Save
Once installed, you immediately begin paying
for your electricity at the new, flat, wholesale
rate.
GET
YOUR FREE ESTIMATE TODAY!
CALL US TODAY (949)
488-3207
THE
HERO PROGRAM
MOVE
TOWARD ENERGY SELF-SUFFICIENCY!

It
depends on your electricity use and system size.
To
get a rough idea of how much you could save,
take a peek at some estimates for two houses
with rooftop solar systems that offset electricity
costs by 80% to 90%.
3-bedroom
example The biggest electricity costs of
a house this size typically come from running
the AC and laundry all the time. Installing
a 3.75kW solar system would lower their electric
bill significantly.
$153 bill before solar
$31 bill after solar
5-bedroom example Having both a home
office and a swimming pool can leave a household
this size with a hefty monthly electric bill.
Installing a 4kW solar system would bring down
their bill quite a bit.
$325 bill before solar
$65 bill after solar
Financing
through HERO Financing the purchase of a solar
system through the HERO Program, or other lending
program, gives you the benefits of owning it
without upfront expense. This option offers
both financial benefits, as well as costs, but
includes valuable consumer protections and typically
maximizes your long-term savings.
It's
not based on credit score.
Approvals for the HERO Program are primarily
based on the equity in your home.
It
requires no money down. HERO finances
100% of your project cost, with fixed rates
and flexible terms of 5-20 years.
You
have the final say. Our contractors
have agreed to be paid only after you sign off
that the project is complete to your satisfaction.
GET
YOUR FREE ESTIMATE TODAY!
CALL US TODAY (949)
488-3207
REVIEWS &
Testimonials:
What People are
Saying About Solar Power Orange County...
"EXCEEDED
MY EXPECTATIONS!"
"We
made the right decision in choosing Solar Power Orange County, a Premier SunPower Dealer, to
provide our solar system. They handled everything
from the installation design, through the application
process to the final code inspection. The code
inspector said it was an excellent installation.
Within one month of signing the contract we
were up and operating."
-
Richard in Rancho Palos Verdes
"EXTREMELY
IMPRESSED!"
"Southern
California Edison completed their first meter
read today for the first full month with the
panels in service...it is clear we'll be immediately
saving hundreds of dollars every month. Thank
you again for a job well done."
-
Steve in Yorba Linda
"WELL
WORTH TIME AND MONEY!"
"Solar Power Orange County's staff - from the first contact
to the last follow-up visit - was very professional.
The PV system accommodates my many computers
and other appliances with no problem, and it
generates more power than was originally predicted!
The best thing I can say is: It just works!"
-
Jerry in Irvine
Any
Questions? Please give us a call:
(949) 488-3207
Please let us know what
your questions are, how we can help you. Remember,
we are only a phone call away.
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Photovoltaic
system
"Solar
park" or "PV farm"
A
Photovoltaic system (informally,
PV system) is an arrangement
of components designed to supply
usable electric power for a
variety of purposes, using the
Sun
(or, less commonly, other light
sources) as the power source.
PV
systems may be built in various
configurations:
- Off-grid
without battery (Array-direct)
- Off-grid
with battery storage for DC-only
appliances
- Off-grid
with battery storage for AC
& DC appliances
- Grid-tie
without battery
- Grid-tie
with battery storage
A
photovoltaic
array
(also called a solar array)
consists of multiple photovoltaic
modules, casually referred
to as solar
panels, to convert solar
radiation (sunlight) into
usable direct
current (DC) electricity.
A photovoltaic system for residential,
commercial, or industrial energy
supply normally contains an
array of photovoltaic (PV) modules,
one or more DC to alternating
current (AC) power converters
(also known as an inverter),
a racking system that supports
the solar modules, electrical
wiring and interconnections,
and mounting for other components.
Optionally, a photovoltaic system
may include any or all of the
following: renewable
energy credit revenue-grade
meter, maximum
power point tracker (MPPT),
battery
system and charger,
GPS
solar
tracker, energy
management software, solar
concentrators, solar
irradiance sensors, anemometer,
or task-specific accessories
designed to meet specialized
requirements for a system owner.
The amount of modules in the
system determines the total
DC watts capable of being generated
by the solar array; however,
the inverter ultimately governs
the amount of AC watts that
can be distributed for consumption.
For example: A PV system comprised
of 11 kilowatts
DC (kWDC) worth of PV modules
paired with one 10 kilowatt
AC (kWAC) inverter, will be
limited by the maximum output
of the inverter--10 kWAC.
A
small PV system is capable of
providing enough AC electricity
to power a single home, or even
an isolated device in the form
of AC or DC electric. For example,
military and civilian Earth
observation satellites,
street
lights, construction and
traffic signs, electric
cars, solar powered tents,
and electric
aircraft may contain integrated
photovoltaic systems to provide
a primary or auxiliary
power source in the form
of AC or DC power, depending
on the design and power demands.
Large
grid-connected
photovoltaic power systems
are capable of providing an
energy supply for multiple consumers.
The electricity generated can
be stored, used directly (island/standalone
plant), fed into a large electricity
grid powered by central generation
plants (grid-connected/grid-tied
plant), or combined with one,
or many, domestic electricity
generators to feed into a small
electrical
grid (hybrid plant).
PV systems are generally designed
in order to ensure the highest
energy yield for a given investment.
In
the United
States, the Authority
Having Jurisdiction (AHJ)
will review designs and issue
permits, before construction
can lawfully begin. Electrical
installation practices must
comply with standards set forth
within the National
Electrical Code (NEC) and
be inspected by the AHJ to ensure
compliance with building
code, electrical
code, and fire
safety code. Jurisdictions
may require that equipment has
been tested, certified, listed,
and labeled by at least one
of the Nationally
Recognized Testing Laboratories
(NRTL).
Components
Silicon
Boule & Solar Cell
In
order to make a Monocrystalline
solar cell, a silicon
ingot, also known as a silicon
boule
(crystal), must first
be produced. Once a silicon
ingot has been made, it is thinly
sliced and semiconductors are
imbedded in the disk.
The silicon disk will have positive
and negative leads, which serve
as connection points to tie
multiple cells in series. Once
multiple cells are connected
in series, the formation of
a module begins. Other types
of solar cells are available.
See List
of types of solar cells.
Photovoltaic
modules
A
photovoltaic array is a
linked assembly of PV
modules.
Due
to the low voltage of an individual
solar
cell (typically ca. 0.5V),
several cells are wired (see:
Copper
in photovoltaic power systems)
in series in the manufacture
of a "laminate". The laminate
is assembled into a protective
weatherproof enclosure, thus
making a photovoltaic module
or solar
panel. Modules may then
be strung together into a photovoltaic
array.
Photovoltaic
arrays
A
photovoltaic array (or
solar array) is a linked
collection of solar
panels.
The power that one module can
produce is seldom enough to
meet requirements of a home
or a business, so the modules
are linked together to form
an array. Most PV arrays
use an inverter
to convert the DC power produced
by the modules into alternating
current that can power lights,
motors, and other loads. The
modules in a PV array are usually
first connected in series
to obtain the desired voltage;
the individual strings are then
connected in parallel
to allow the system to produce
more current.
Solar panels are typically measured
under STC (standard test conditions)
or PTC (PVUSA test conditions),
in watts.
Typical panel ratings range
from less than 100 watts to
over 400 watts.
The array rating consists of
a summation of the panel ratings,
in watts, kilowatts, or megawatts.
Mounting
systems
Modules
are assembled into arrays on
some kind of mounting system,
which may be classified as ground
mount, roof mount or pole mount.
For solar
parks a large rack is mounted
on the ground, and the modules
mounted on the rack. For buildings,
many different racks have been
devised for pitched roofs. For
flat roofs, racks, bins and
building integrated solutions
are used.[citation
needed]
Solar panel racks mounted on
top of poles can be stationary
or moving, see Trackers below.
Side-of-pole mounts are suitable
for situations where a pole
has something else mounted at
its top, such as a light fixture
or an antenna. Pole mounting
raises what would otherwise
be a ground mounted array above
weed shadows and livestock,
and may satisfy electrical code
requirements regarding inaccessibility
of exposed wiring. Pole mounted
panels are open to more cooling
air on their underside, which
increases performance. A multiplicity
of pole top racks can be formed
into a parking carport or other
shade structure. A rack which
does not follow the sun from
left to right may allow seasonal
adjustment up or down.
Trackers
A
solar
tracker tilts a solar panel
throughout the day. Depending
on the type of tracking system,
the panel is either aimed directly
at the sun or the brightest
area of a partly clouded sky.
Trackers greatly enhance early
morning and late afternoon performance,
increasing the total amount
of power produced by a system
by about 20–25% for a single
axis tracker and about 30% or
more for a dual axis tracker,
depending on latitude.
Trackers are effective in regions
that receive a large portion
of sunlight directly. In diffuse
light (i.e. under cloud or fog),
tracking has little or no value.
Because most concentrated
photovoltaics systems are
very sensitive to the sunlight's
angle, tracking systems allow
them to produce useful power
for more than a brief period
each day.
Tracking systems improve performance
for two main reasons. First,
when a solar panel is perpendicular
to the sunlight, it receives
more light on its surface than
if it were angled. Second, direct
light is used more efficiently
than angled light[citation
needed].
Special Anti-reflective
coatings can improve solar
panel efficiency for direct
and angled light, somewhat reducing
the benefit of tracking.
Inverters
Inverter
for grid connected PV
Systems
designed to deliver alternating
current (AC), such as grid-connected
applications need an inverter
to convert the direct
current (DC) from the solar
modules to AC. Grid connected
inverters must supply AC electricity
in sinusoidal form, synchronized
to the grid frequency, limit
feed in voltage to no higher
than the grid voltage and disconnect
from the grid if the grid voltage
is turned off.
Islanding inverters need only
produce regulated voltages and
frequencies in a sinusoidal
waveshape as no synchronisation
or co-ordination with grid supplies
is required. A solar
inverter may connect to
a string of solar panels. In
some installations a solar
micro-inverter is connected
at each solar panel.
For safety reasons a circuit
breaker is provided both on
the AC and DC side to enable
maintenance. AC output may be
connected through an electricity
meter into the public grid.
Maximum
power point tracking and charge
control
Maximum
power point tracking (MPPT)
is used to maximize module output
power. The power output of a
module varies as a function
of the voltage in a way that
power generation can be optimized
by varying the system voltage
to find the 'maximum power point'.
Some inverters incorporate maximum
power point tracking.
In
the case of PV systems which
include a battery, a charge
controller
is needed to adjust the constantly
varying voltage and current
available from PV panels, to
correctly charge the battery.
Basic charge controllers may
simply turn the PV panels on
and off, or may meter out pulses
of energy as needed, a strategy
called PWM or pulse-width
modulation. More advanced
charge controllers will incorporate
MPPT logic into their battery
charging algorithms. Charge
controllers may also divert
energy to some purpose other
than battery charging. Rather
than simply shut off the free
PV energy when not needed, a
user may choose to heat air
or water once the battery is
full.
A
charge controller with MPPT
capability frees the system
designer from closely matching
available PV voltage to battery
voltage. Considerable efficiency
gains can be achieved, particularly
when the PV array is located
at some distance from the battery.
By way of example, a 150 volt
PV array connected to an MPPT
charge controller can be used
to charge a 24 or 48 volt battery.
Higher array voltage means lower
array current, so the savings
in wiring costs can more than
pay for the controller.
Monitoring
and metering
The
metering must be able to accumulate
energy units in both directions
or two meters must be used.
Many meters accumulate bidirectionally,
some systems use two meters,
but a unidirectional meter (with
detent) will not accumulate
energy from any resultant feed
into the grid.
In
some countries, for installations
over 30kWp a frequency and a
voltage monitor with disconnection
of all phases is required. This
is done to prevent supplying
excess power to the grid, in
the unusual case where more
solar power is being generated
than can be accommodated by
the utility, and can not either
be exported or stored.
Grid operators historically
have needed to provide transmission
lines and generation capacity.
Now they need to also provide
storage. This is normally hydro-storage,
but other means of storage are
used. Initially storage was
used so that baseload generators
could operate at full output.
With variable
renewable energy, storage
is needed to allow power generation
whenever it is available, and
consumption whenever it is needed.
The two variables a grid operator
have are storing electricity
for when it is needed,
or transmitting it to where
it is needed. If both of those
fail, installations over 30kWp
can automatically shut down,
although in practice all inverters
maintain voltage regulation
and stop supplying power if
the load is inadequate. Grid
operators have the option of
curtailing excess generation
from large systems, although
this is more commonly done with
wind power than solar power,
and results in a substantial
loss of revenue.
Inverters have the unique option
of supplying reactive power
which can be advantageous in
matching load requirements.
Standalone
applications
Solar
powered parking meter.
The
solar panels on this small
yacht at sea can charge
the 12 volt batteries at
up to 9 amperes in full,
direct sunlight.
A
standalone system does not have
a connection to the electricity
"mains" (aka "grid"). Standalone
systems vary widely in size
and application from wristwatches
or calculators to remote buildings
or spacecraft. If the load is
to be supplied independently
of solar insolation,
the generated power is stored
and buffered with a battery.
In non-portable applications
where weight is not an issue,
such as in buildings, lead
acid batteries are most
commonly used for their low
cost and tolerance for abuse.
A charge controller may be incorporated
in the system to: a) avoid battery
damage by excessive charging
or discharging and, b) optimizing
the production of the cells
or modules by maximum
power point tracking (MPPT).
However, in simple PV systems
where the PV module voltage
is matched to the battery voltage,
the use of MPPT electronics
is generally considered unnecessary,
since the battery voltage is
stable enough to provide near-maximum
power collection from the PV
module. In small devices (e.g.
calculators, parking meters)
only direct
current (DC) is consumed.
In larger systems (e.g. buildings,
remote water pumps) AC is usually
required. To convert the DC
from the modules or batteries
into AC, an inverter
is used.
Solar
vehicles
Main
article: Solar
vehicle
Ground,
water, air or space vehicles
may obtain some or all of the
energy required for their operation
from the sun. Surface vehicles
generally require higher power
levels than can be sustained
by a practically sized solar
array, so a battery is used
to meet peak power demand, and
the solar array recharges it.
Space vehicles have successfully
used solar photovoltaic systems
for years of operation, eliminating
the weight of fuel or primary
batteries.
Small
scale solar systems
Profile
picture of a mobile solar
powered generator
With
a growing DIY-community
and an increasing interest in
environmentally friendly "green
energy", some hobbyists
have endeavored to build their
own PV solar systems from kits
or partly diy.
Usually, the DIY-community uses
inexpensive
or high efficiency systems
(such as those with solar
tracking) to generate their
own power. As a result, the
DIY-systems often end up cheaper
than their commercial counterparts.
Often, the system is also hooked
up into the regular power
grid, using net
metering instead of a battery
for backup. These systems usually
generate power amount of ~2 kW
or less. Through the internet,
the community is now able to
obtain plans to construct the
system (at least partly DIY)
and there is a growing trend
toward building them for domestic
requirements. Small scale solar
systems are now also being used
both in developed countries
and in developing
countries, for residences
and small businesses.
One of the most cost effective
solar applications is a solar
powered pump, as it is far cheaper
to purchase a solar panel than
it is to run power lines.
Grid-connected
applications
Diagram
of a residential grid-connected
PV system
A
grid connected system is connected
to a larger independent grid
(typically the public electricity
grid) and feeds energy directly
into the grid. This energy may
be shared by a residential or
commercial building before or
after the revenue measurement
point. The difference being
whether the credited energy
production is calculated independently
of the customer's energy consumption
(feed-in
tariff) or only on the difference
of energy (net
metering). Grid connected
systems vary in size from residential
(2-10kWp) to solar power stations
(up to 10s of MWp). This is
a form of decentralized electricity
generation. The feeding of electricity
into the grid requires the transformation
of DC into AC by a special,
synchronising grid-tie
inverter.
In kW sized installations the
DC side system voltage is as
high as permitted (typically
1000V except US residential
600V) to limit ohmic losses.
Most modules (72 crystalline
silicon cells) generate 160W
to 300W at 36 volts. It is sometimes
necessary or desirable to connect
the modules partially in parallel
rather than all in series. One
set of modules connected in
series is known as a 'string'.
Connection
to DC grids
DC
grids are found in electric
powered transport: railways
trams and trolleybuses. A few
pilot plants for such applications
have been built, such as the
tram depots in Hannover Leinhausen,
using photovoltaic contributors
and Geneva (Bachet de Pesay).
The 150 kWp
Geneva site feeds 600V DC directly
into the tram/trolleybus electricity
network whereas before it provided
about 15% of the electricity
at its opening in 1999.
Building-mounted
and building-integrated systems
In
urban and suburban areas, photovoltaic
arrays are commonly used on
rooftops to supplement power
use; often the building will
have a connection to the power
grid, in which case the
energy produced by the PV array
can be sold back to the utility
in some sort of net
metering agreement. Some
utilities, such as Solvay Electric
in Solvay, NY, use the rooftops
of commercial customers and
telephone poles to support their
use of PV panels.
Solar
trees are arrays that, as
the name implies, mimic the
look of trees, provide shade,
and at night can function as
street
lights. In agricultural
settings, the array may be used
to directly power DC pumps,
without the need for an inverter.
In remote settings such as mountainous
areas, islands, or other places
where a power grid is unavailable,
solar arrays can be used as
the sole source of electricity,
usually by charging a storage
battery.[citation
needed]
There is financial support available
for people wishing to install
PV arrays. Incentives range
from federal tax credits to
state tax credits and rebates
to utility loans and rebates.
A listing of current incentives
can be found at the Database
of State Incentives for Renewables
and Efficiency. In the UK,
households are paid a 'Feedback
Fee' to buy excess electricity
at a flat rate per kWh. This
is up to 44.3p/kWh which can
allow a home to earn double
their usual annual domestic
electricity bill.
The current UK feed-in
tariff system is due for
review on 31 March 2012, after
which the current scheme may
no longer be available.[need
quotation to verify]
Power
plants
A
photovoltaic power station
(solar park or solar farm) is
a power
station using photovoltaic
modules and inverters
for utility scale electricity
generation, connected to
an electricity transmission
grid. Some large photovoltaic
power stations like Waldpolenz
Solar Park and Topaz
Solar Farm cover tens or
hundreds of hectares and have
power outputs up to hundreds
of megawatts.
System
performance
Insolation
and energy
Solar
insolation is made up of
direct
radiation, diffuse
radiation and reflected
radiation (or albedo).
At high noon on a cloudless
day at the equator, the power
of the sun is about 1 kW/m²,
on the Earth's surface, to a
plane that is perpendicular
to the sun's rays. As such,
PV arrays can track
the sun through each day
to greatly enhance energy collection.
However, tracking devices add
cost, and require maintenance,
so it is more common for PV
arrays to have fixed mounts
that tilt the array and face
solar
noon (approximately due
south in the Northern Hemisphere
or due north in the Southern
Hemisphere). The tilt angle,
from horizontal, can be varied
for season,
but if fixed, should be set
to give optimal array output
during the peak electrical demand
portion of a typical year for
a stand alone system. This optimal
module tilt angle is not necessarily
identical to the tilt angle
for maximum annual array energy
output.
The optimization of the a photovoltaic
system for a specific environment
can be complicated as issues
of solar flux, soiling, and
snow losses should be taken
into effect. In addition, recent
work has shown that spectral
effects can play a role in optimal
photovoltaic material selection.
For example, the spectral
albedo can play a significant
role in output depending on
the surface around the photovoltaic
system.
For
the weather and latitudes of
the United States and Europe,
typical insolation ranges from
4 kWh/m²/day in northern climes
to 6.5 kWh/m²/day in the sunniest
regions. Typical solar panels
have an average efficiency of
15%, with the best commercially
available panels at 21%. Thus,
a photovoltaic installation
in the southern latitudes of
Europe or the United States
may expect to produce 1 kWh/m²/day.
A typical "150 watt" solar panel
is about a square meter in size.
Such a panel may be expected
to produce 0.75 kWh every day,
on average, after taking into
account the weather and the
latitude, for an insolation
of 5 sun hours/day.
A typical 1 kW photovoltaic
installation in Australia or
the southern latitudes of Europe
or United States, may produce
3.5-5 kWh per day, dependent
on location, orientation, tilt,
insolation and other factors.
In the Sahara
desert, with less cloud cover
and a better solar angle, one
could ideally obtain closer
to 8.3 kWh/m²/day provided the
nearly ever present wind would
not blow sand onto the units.
The area of the Sahara desert
is over 9 million km². 90,600 km²,
or about 1%, could generate
as much electricity as all of
the world's power plants combined.
Tracking
the sun
Trackers
and sensors to optimise the
performance are often seen as
optional, but tracking systems
can increase viable output by
up to 45%.
PV arrays that approach or exceed
one megawatt often use solar
trackers. Accounting for clouds,
and the fact that most of the
world is not on the equator,
and that the sun sets in the
evening, the correct measure
of solar power is insolation
– the average number of kilowatt-hours
per square meter per day. For
the weather and latitudes of
the United States and Europe,
typical insolation ranges from
2.26 kWh/m²/day in northern
climes to 5.61 kWh/m²/day
in the sunniest regions.
For
large systems, the energy gained
by using tracking systems can
outweigh the added complexity
(trackers can increase efficiency
by 30% or more). For very
large systems, the added
maintenance of tracking is a
substantial detriment.
Tracking is not required for
flat panel and low concentration
concentrated
photovoltaic systems. For
high concentration concentrated
photovoltaic systems, dual axis
tracking is a necessity.
Pricing
trends affect the balance between
adding more stationary solar
panels versus having fewer panels
that track. When solar panel
prices drop, trackers become
a less attractive option.
Shading
and dirt
Photovoltaic
cell electrical output is extremely
sensitive to shading. The effects
of this shading are well known.
When even a small portion of
a cell, module, or array is
shaded, while the remainder
is in sunlight, the output falls
dramatically due to internal
'short-circuiting' (the electrons
reversing course through the
shaded portion of the p-n
junction). If the current
drawn from the series string
of cells is no greater than
the current that can be produced
by the shaded cell, the current
(and so power) developed by
the string is limited. If enough
voltage is available from the
rest of the cells in a string,
current will be forced through
the cell by breaking down the
junction in the shaded portion.
This breakdown voltage in common
cells is between 10 and 30 volts.
Instead of adding to the power
produced by the panel, the shaded
cell absorbs power, turning
it into heat. Since the reverse
voltage of a shaded cell is
much greater than the forward
voltage of an illuminated cell,
one shaded cell can absorb the
power of many other cells in
the string, disproportionately
affecting panel output. For
example, a shaded cell may drop
8 volts, instead of adding 0.5
volts, at a particular current
level, thereby absorbing the
power produced by 16 other cells.
It is, thus important that a
PV installation is not shaded
by trees or other obstructions.
Several methods have been developed
to determine shading losses
from trees to PV systems over
both large regions using LiDAR,
but also at an individual system
level using sketchup.
Most modules have bypass diodes
between each cell or string
of cells that minimize the effects
of shading and only lose the
power of the shaded portion
of the array. The main job of
the bypass diode is to eliminate
hot spots that form on cells
that can cause further damage
to the array, and cause fires.
Sunlight can be absorbed by
dust, snow, or other impurities
at the surface of the module.
This can reduce the light that
strikes the cells. In general
these losses aggregated over
the year are small even for
locations in Canada.
Maintaining a clean module surface
will increase output performance
over the life of the module.
Google found that cleaning the
flat mounted solar panels after
15 months increased their output
by almost 100%, but that the
5% tilted arrays were adequately
cleaned by rainwater.
Temperature
Module
output and life are also degraded
by increased temperature. Allowing
ambient air to flow over, and
if possible behind, PV modules
reduces this problem.
Module
efficiency
In
2012, solar panels available
for consumers can have an efficiency
of up to about 17%,
while commercially available
panels can go as far as 27%.
Monitoring
Photovoltaic
systems need to be monitored
to detect breakdown and optimize
their operation. Several photovoltaic
monitoring strategies depending
on the output of the installation
and its nature. Monitoring can
be performed on site or remotely.
It can measure production only,
retrieve all the data from the
inverter or retrieve all of
the data from the communicating
equipment (probes, meters, etc.).
Monitoring tools can be dedicated
to supervision only or offer
additional functions. Individual
inverters and battery charge
controllers may include monitoring
using manufacturer specific
protocols and software.
Energy metering of an inverter
may be of limited accuracy and
not suitable for revenue metering
purposes. A third-party data
acquisition system can monitor
multiple inverters, using the
inverter manufacturer's protocols,
and also acquire weather-related
information. Independent smart
meters may measure the total
energy production of a PV array
system. Separate measures such
as satellite image analysis
or a solar radiation meter (a
pyranometer)
can be used to estimate total
insolation for comparison.
Data collected from a monitoring
system can be displayed
remotely over the World
Wide Web. For example, the Open
Solar Outdoors Test Field (OSOTF)
is a grid-connected photovoltaic
test system, which continuously
monitors the output of a number
of photovoltaic modules and
correlates their performance
to a long list of highly accurate
meteorological readings. The
OSOTF is organized under open
source principles—All data and
analysis is be made freely available
to the entire photovoltaic community
and the general public.
The Fraunhofer Center for Sustainable
Energy Systems maintains two
test systems, one in Massachusetts,
and the Outdoor Solar Test Field
OTF-1 in Albuquerque, New Mexico,
which opened in June 2012. A
third site, OTF-2, also in Albuquerque,
is under construction.
Some companies offer analysis
software to analyze system performance.
Small residential systems may
have minimal data analysis requirements
other than perhaps total energy
production; larger grid-connected
power plants can benefit from
more detailed investigations
of performance.
Performance
factors
Uncertainties
in revenue over time relate
mostly to the evaluation of
the solar resource and to the
performance of the system itself.
In the best of cases, uncertainties
are typically 4% for year-to-year
climate variability, 5% for
solar resource estimation (in
a horizontal plane), 3% for
estimation of irradiation in
the plane of the array, 3% for
power rating of modules, 2%
for losses due to dirt and soiling,
1.5% for losses due to snow,
and 5% for other sources of
error. Identifying and reacting
to manageable losses is critical
for revenue and O&M efficiency.
Monitoring of array performance
may be part of contractual agreements
between the array owner, the
builder, and the utility purchasing
the energy produced.[citation
needed]
Recently, a method to create
"synthetic days" using readily
available weather data and verification
using the Open
Solar Outdoors Test Field
make it possible to predict
photovoltaic systems performance
with high degrees of accuracy.
This method can be used to then
determine loss mechanisms on
a local scale - such as those
from snow
or the effects of surface coatings
(e.g. hydrophobic
or hydrophilic)
on soiling or snow losses.
Access to the Internet has allowed
a further improvement in energy
monitoring and communication.
Dedicated systems are available
from a number of vendors. For
solar PV system that use microinverters
(panel-level DC to AC conversion),
module power data is automatically
provided. Some systems allow
setting performance alerts that
trigger phone/email/text warnings
when limits are reached. These
solutions provide data for the
system owner and the installer.
Installers are able to remotely
monitor multiple installations,
and see at-a-glance the status
of their entire installed base.[citation
needed]
Module
life
Effective
module lives are typically 25
years or more.
The payback period for an investment
in a PV solar installation varies
greatly and is typically less
useful than a calculation of
return
on investment.
While it is typically calculated
to be between 10 and 20 years,
the payback period can be far
shorter with incentives.
Hybrid
systems
A
hybrid system combines PV with
other forms of generation, usually
a diesel generator. Biogas is
also used. The other form of
generation may be a type able
to modulate power output as
a function of demand. However
more than one renewable form
of energy may be used e.g. wind.
The photovoltaic power generation
serves to reduce the consumption
of non renewable fuel. Hybrid
systems are most often found
on islands. Pellworm
island in Germany and Kythnos
island in Greece are notable
examples (both are combined
with wind).
The Kythnos plant has reduced
diesel consumption by 11.2%
There
has also been recent work showing
that the PV penetration limit
can be increased by deploying
a distributed network of PV+CHP
hybrid systems in the U.S.
The temporal distribution of
solar flux, electrical and heating
requirements for representative
U.S. single family residences
were analyzed and the results
clearly show that hybridizing
CHP with PV can enable additional
PV deployment above what is
possible with a conventional
centralized electric generation
system. This theory was reconfirmed
with numerical simulations using
per second solar flux data to
determine that the necessary
battery backup to provide for
such a hybrid system is possible
with relatively small and inexpensive
battery systems.
In addition, large PV+CHP systems
are possible for institutional
buildings, which again provide
back up for intermittent PV
and reduce CHP runtime.
Standardization
Increasing
use of photovoltaic systems
and integration of photovoltaic
power into existing structures
and techniques of supply and
distribution increases the value
of general standards and definitions
for photovoltaic components
and systems.[citation
needed]
The standards are compiled at
the International
Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) and apply to efficiency,
durability and safety of cells,
modules, simulation programs,
plug connectors and cables,
mounting systems, overall efficiency
of inverters etc.
Costs
and economy
Costs
of production have been reduced
in recent years for more widespread
use through production and technological
advances. For large-scale installations,
prices below $1.00 per watt
are now common.
Crystal silicon solar
cells have largely been
replaced by less expensive multicrystalline
silicon solar cells, and thin
film silicon solar cells have
also been developed recently
at lower costs of production.
Although they are reduced in
energy conversion efficiency
from single crystalline "siwafers",
they are also much easier to
produce at comparably lower
costs.
Energy
costs
The
table below shows the total
cost in US cents per kWh of
electricity generated by a photovoltaic
system.
The row headings on the left
show the total cost, per peak
kilowatt (kWp), of
a photovoltaic installation.
Photovoltaic system costs have
been declining and in Germany,
for example, were reported to
have fallen to USD 2200/kWp
by the second quarter of 2012.
The column headings across the
top refer to the annual energy
output in kWh expected from
each installed kWp.
This varies by geographic region
because the average insolation
depends on the average cloudiness
and the thickness of atmosphere
traversed by the sunlight. It
also depends on the path of
the sun relative to the panel
and the horizon. Panels are
usually mounted at an angle
based on latitude, and often
they are adjusted seasonally
to meet the changing solar declination.
Solar
tracking can also be utilized
to access even more perpendicular
sunlight, thereby raising the
total energy output.
The
calculated values in the table
reflect the total cost in cents
per kWh produced. They assume
a 10% total capital cost (for
instance 4% interest
rate, 1% operating and maintenance
cost,
and depreciation
of the capital outlay over 20
years). Normally, photovoltaic
modules have a 25 year warranty.
Cost per kilowatt hour
(US cents/kWh)
20
years |
2400
kWh/kWp
y |
2200
kWh/kWp
y |
2000
kWh/kWp
y |
1800
kWh/kWp
y |
1600
kWh/kWp
y |
1400
kWh/kWp
y |
1200
kWh/kWp
y |
1000
kWh/kWp
y |
800
kWh/kWp
y |
$200
/kWp |
0.8 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
1.7 |
2.0 |
2.5 |
$600
/kWp |
2.5 |
2.7 |
3.0 |
3.3 |
3.8 |
4.3 |
5.0 |
6.0 |
7.5 |
$1000
/kWp |
4.2 |
4.5 |
5.0 |
5.6 |
6.3 |
7.1 |
8.3 |
10.0 |
12.5 |
$1400
/kWp |
5.8 |
6.4 |
7.0 |
7.8 |
8.8 |
10.0 |
11.7 |
14.0 |
17.5 |
$1800
/kWp |
7.5 |
8.2 |
9.0 |
10.0 |
11.3 |
12.9 |
15.0 |
18.0 |
22.5 |
$2200
/kWp |
9.2 |
10.0 |
11.0 |
12.2 |
13.8 |
15.7 |
18.3 |
22.0 |
27.5 |
$2600
/kWp |
10.8 |
11.8 |
13.0 |
14.4 |
16.3 |
18.6 |
21.7 |
26.0 |
32.5 |
$3000
/kWp |
12.5 |
13.6 |
15.0 |
16.7 |
18.8 |
21.4 |
25.0 |
30.0 |
37.5 |
Regulation
United
Kingdom
In
the UK, PV installations are
generally considered permitted
development and don't require
planning permission. If the
property is listed or in a designated
area (National Park, Area of
Outstanding Natural Beauty,
Site of Special Scientific Interest
or Norfolk Broads) then planning
permission is required.
United
States
In
the US Many localities require
a license to install a photovoltaic
system. A grid-tied system normally
requires a licensed electrician
to make the connection between
the system and the grid-connected
wiring of the building.
The
State of California prohibits
Homeowners'
associations from restricting
solar devices.
External
links
|
ABOUT
ORANGE COUNTY CALIFORNIA |
Orange
County
is a county in Southern California, United States.
Its county seat is Santa Ana. According to the 2000
Census, its population was 2,846,289, making it
the second most populous county in the state of
California, and the fifth most populous in the United
States. The state of California estimates its population
as of 2007 to be 3,098,121 people, dropping its
rank to third, behind San Diego County. Thirty-four
incorporated cities are located in Orange County;
the newest is Aliso Viejo.
Unlike many other large centers of population in
the United States, Orange County uses its county
name as its source of identification whereas other
places in the country are identified by the large
city that is closest to them. This is because there
is no defined center to Orange County like there
is in other areas which have one distinct large
city. Five Orange County cities have populations
exceeding 170,000 while no cities in the county
have populations surpassing 360,000. Seven of these
cities are among the 200 largest cities in the United
States.
Orange County is also famous as a tourist destination,
as the county is home to such attractions as Disneyland
and Knott's Berry Farm, as well as sandy beaches
for swimming and surfing, yacht harbors for sailing
and pleasure boating, and extensive area devoted
to parks and open space for golf, tennis, hiking,
kayaking, cycling, skateboarding, and other outdoor
recreation. It is at the center of Southern California's
Tech Coast, with Irvine being the primary business
hub.
The average price of a home in Orange County is
$541,000. Orange County is the home of a vast number
of major industries and service organizations. As
an integral part of the second largest market in
America, this highly diversified region has become
a Mecca for talented individuals in virtually every
field imaginable. Indeed the colorful pageant of
human history continues to unfold here; for perhaps
in no other place on earth is there an environment
more conducive to innovative thinking, creativity
and growth than this exciting, sun bathed valley
stretching between the mountains and the sea in
Orange County.
Orange County was Created March 11 1889, from part
of Los Angeles County, and, according to tradition,
so named because of the flourishing orange culture.
Orange, however, was and is a commonplace name in
the United States, used originally in honor of the
Prince of Orange, son-in-law of King George II of
England.
|
Incorporated:
March 11, 1889
Legislative Districts:
* Congressional: 38th-40th, 42nd & 43
* California Senate: 31st-33rd, 35th & 37
* California Assembly: 58th, 64th, 67th, 69th,
72nd & 74
County Seat: Santa Ana
County Information:
Robert E. Thomas Hall of Administration
10 Civic Center Plaza, 3rd Floor, Santa Ana
92701
Telephone: (714)834-2345 Fax: (714)834-3098
County Government Website: http://www.oc.ca.gov |
CITIES
OF ORANGE COUNTY CALIFORNIA:
City
of Aliso Viejo,
92653, 92656, 92698
City of Anaheim,
92801, 92802, 92803, 92804, 92805, 92806, 92807,
92808, 92809, 92812, 92814, 92815, 92816, 92817,
92825, 92850, 92899
City of
Brea, 92821, 92822, 92823
City of
Buena Park, 90620, 90621, 90622, 90623,
90624
City
of Costa Mesa, 92626, 92627, 92628
City
of Cypress, 90630
City of
Dana Point, 92624, 92629
City
of Fountain Valley, 92708, 92728
City
of Fullerton, 92831, 92832, 92833, 92834,
92835, 92836, 92837, 92838
City
of Garden Grove, 92840, 92841, 92842, 92843,
92844, 92845, 92846
City
of Huntington Beach, 92605, 92615, 92646,
92647, 92648, 92649
City of
Irvine, 92602, 92603, 92604, 92606, 92612,
92614, 92616, 92618, 92619, 92620, 92623, 92650,
92697, 92709, 92710
City
of La Habra, 90631, 90632, 90633
City
of La Palma, 90623
City
of Laguna Beach, 92607, 92637, 92651, 92652,
92653, 92654, 92656, 92677, 92698
City
of Laguna Hills, 92637, 92653, 92654, 92656
City
of Laguna Niguel, 92607, 92677
|
City
of Laguna Woods,
92653, 92654
City
of Lake Forest, 92609, 92630, 92610
City
of Los Alamitos, 90720, 90721
City
of Mission Viejo, 92675, 92690, 92691, 92692,
92694
City
of Newport Beach, 92657, 92658, 92659, 92660,
92661, 92662, 92663
City
of Orange, 92856, 92857, 92859, 92861, 92862,
92863, 92864, 92865, 92866, 92867, 92868, 92869
City of
Placentia, 92870, 92871
City of
Rancho Santa Margarita, 92688, 92679
City of San
Clemente, 92672, 92673, 92674
City
of San Juan Capistrano, 92675, 92690, 92691,
92692, 92693, 92694
City
of Santa Ana, 92701, 92702, 92703, 92704,
92705, 92706, 92707, 92708, 92711, 92712, 92725,
92728, 92735, 92799
City
of Seal Beach, 90740
City
of Stanton, 90680
City of Tustin,
92780, 92781, 92782
City of
Villa Park, 92861, 92867
City
of Westminster, 92683, 92684, 92685
City
of Yorba Linda, 92885, 92886, 92887
|
Noteworthy
communities Some of the communities that exist within
city limits are listed below:
* Anaheim Hills, Anaheim * Balboa Island, Newport
Beach * Corona del Mar, Newport Beach * Crystal
Cove / Pelican Hill, Newport Beach * Capistrano
Beach, Dana Point * El Modena, Orange * French Park,
Santa Ana * Floral Park, Santa Ana * Foothill Ranch,
Lake Forest * Monarch Beach, Dana Point * Nellie
Gail, Laguna Hills * Northwood, Irvine * Woodbridge,
Irvine * Newport Coast, Newport Beach * Olive, Orange
* Portola Hills, Lake Forest * San Joaquin Hills,
Laguna Niguel * San Joaquin Hills, Newport Beach
* Santa Ana Heights, Newport Beach * Tustin Ranch,
Tustin * Talega, San Clemente * West Garden Grove,
Garden Grove * Yorba Hills, Yorba Linda * Mesa Verde,
Costa Mesa
Unincorporated communities These communities
are outside of the city limits in unincorporated
county territory: * Coto de Caza * El Modena
* Ladera Ranch * Las Flores * Midway City * Orange
Park Acres * Rossmoor * Silverado Canyon * Sunset
Beach * Surfside * Trabuco Canyon * Tustin Foothills
Adjacent counties to Orange County Are: *
Los Angeles County, California - north, west * San
Bernardino County, California - northeast * Riverside
County, California - east * San Diego County, California
- southeast
Mission
Viejo
is a city located in southern Orange
County, California, U.S. in the Saddleback
Valley. Mission Viejo is considered one of
the largest master-planned
communities ever built under a single project
in the United States, and is rivaled only by Highlands
Ranch, Colorado, in its size. The city has
a 2011 estimated population of 93,483,
Mission
Viejo is suburban in nature
and culture. The city is mainly residential, although
there are a number of offices and businesses within
its city limits. The city is known for its picturesque
tree-lined neighborhoods, receiving recognition
from the National
Arbor Day Foundation. The city's name is a
reference to Rancho
Mission Viejo, a large Spanish land grant
from which the community was founded.
Mission
Viejo was named the safest city in the United
States in a 2007 Morgan
Quitno crime statistic survey (compiled from
FBI data). In 2009, it was named the safest city
in California and third safest in the nation,
according to CQ Press.
History
Mission
Viejo was a hilly region primarily used as cattle
and sheep grazing land,
since it was of little use to farmers. This city
was one of the last regions of Orange County to
be urbanized due to its geologic complexity. Mission
Viejo was purchased by John Forster, a Mexican
also known as Don Juan. During the Mexican-American
War, Foster provided fresh horses to United
States military forces which were used on the
march of San Diego to retake Los Angeles.
In
1960, early developers dismissed most of the land
in Mission Viejo as simply "undevelopable". Donald
Bren, an urban planner who later became the president
of the Irvine Company,
drafted a master plan which placed roads in the
valleys and houses on the hills, and contoured
to the geography of the area. The plan worked,
and by 1980 much of the city of Mission Viejo
was completed. During the late 1970s and the 1980s,
houses in Mission Viejo were in such high demand
that housing tracts often sold out before construction
even began on them. The houses and shopping centers
in the city are almost uniformly designed in a
Spanish mission style, with "adobe"-like stucco
walls and barrel-tile roofs. Many point to Mission
Viejo as the first and largest manifestation of
Bren's obsession with Spanish architecture. Bren's
company was also the creator of the developments
in Irvine, and Newport Beach suburbs. The company
expanded its operations and went on to build the
Lakes project in Tempe Arizona, Mission
Viejo Aurora in Colorado and was the initial
master planner of Highlands
Ranch, both in the Denver Metropolitan area.
The
seal of the city of Mission Viejo was designed
and drawn by Carl
Glassford, an artist and former resident of
the city.
Geography
Mission
Viejo is located at (33.612739, -117.656038).
According
to the United
States Census Bureau, the city has a total
area of 18.1 square miles (47 km2).
17.7 square miles (46 km2) of
it is land and 0.4 square miles (1.0 km2)
of it (2.12%) is water. A significant portion
of the surface water is held in Lake
Mission Viejo, an artificial lake stretching
approximately one mile from Olympiad Road to Alicia
Parkway along Marguerite Parkway.
It
is bordered by Lake
Forest on the northwest, Trabuco
Canyon on the northeast, Rancho
Santa Margarita and Ladera
Ranch on the east, San
Juan Capistrano on the south, and Laguna
Niguel and Laguna
Hills on the west.
Climate
Mission
Viejo enjoys a borderline semi-arid/Mediterranean
climate (Köppen
climate classification BSh/Csa), with
mild temperatures and plentiful sunshine year-round.
Rainfall totals, which average around 14 inches
(355 millimetres) annually are focused primarily
in the months from November to March. Summer is
very dry and virtually rainless, however thunderstorms
do rarely occur. Due to the city's proximity to
the ocean, nighttime and morning clouds are fairly
common, especially in the months of May and June,
a weather phenomenon commonly known as June
Gloom.
Like
most of Southern California, the city is prone
to dry Santa Ana winds, which bring hot air from
inland and punctuate the normally mild temperatures
with noticeable jumps. For example, temperatures
have reached highs of 90°F (32°C) and above throughout
many months of the year, occasionally into the
autumn months. Snowfall within city limits is
very rare, however the nearby Saddleback
Mountains receive a dusting of snow every
few winters.
Demographics
Historical
populations |
Census |
Pop. |
|
%± |
1970 |
11,933 |
|
—
|
1980 |
50,666 |
|
324.6% |
1990 |
72,820 |
|
43.7% |
2000 |
93,102 |
|
27.9% |
2010 |
93,305 |
|
0.2% |
source: |
2010
The
2010 United
States Census reported that Mission Viejo
had a population of 93,305. The population
density was 5,148.3 people per square mile
(1,987.8/km²). The racial makeup of Mission Viejo
was 74,493 (79.8%) White,
1,210 (1.3%) African
American, 379 (0.4%) Native
American, 8,462 (9.1%) Asian,
153 (0.2%) Pacific
Islander, 4,332 (4.6%) from other
races, and 4,276 (4.6%) from two or more races.
Hispanic
or Latino
of any race were 15,877 persons (17.0%).
The
Census reported that 92,363 people (99.0% of the
population) lived in households, 859 (0.9%) lived
in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 83
(0.1%) were institutionalized.
There
were 33,208 households, out of which 11,767 (35.4%)
had children under the age of 18 living in them,
20,792 (62.6%) were opposite-sex
married couples living together, 2,967 (8.9%)
had a female householder with no husband present,
1,306 (3.9%) had a male householder with no wife
present. There were 1,211 (3.6%) unmarried
opposite-sex partnerships, and 225 (0.7%)
same-sex
married couples or partnerships. 6,314 households
(19.0%) were made up of individuals and 2,949
(8.9%) had someone living alone who was 65 years
of age or older. The average household size was
2.78. There were 25,065 families
(75.5% of all households); the average family
size was 3.18.
The
population was spread out with 21,270 people (22.8%)
under the age of 18, 7,852 people (8.4%) aged
18 to 24, 21,648 people (23.2%) aged 25 to 44,
29,003 people (31.1%) aged 45 to 64, and 13,532
people (14.5%) who were 65 years of age or older.
The median age was 42.2 years. For every 100 females
there were 95.4 males. For every 100 females age
18 and over, there were 92.2 males.
The
median household income was $96,420, with 4.9%
of residents living below poverty. 94.1% of residents
held at least a high school diploma, while 44%
held a bachelor's
degree or higher.
There
were 34,228 housing units at an average density
of 1,888.6 per square mile (729.2/km²), of which
25,859 (77.9%) were owner-occupied, and 7,349
(22.1%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner
vacancy rate was 0.9%; the rental vacancy rate
was 4.9%. 72,390 people (77.6% of the population)
lived in owner-occupied housing units and 19,973
people (21.4%) lived in rental housing units.
2000
At
the 2000 census, there
were 93,102 people, 32,449 households and 25,212
families residing in the city. The population
density was 4,990.1 inhabitants per square
mile (1,926.4/km²). There were 32,986 housing
units at an average density of 1,767.9 per square
mile (682.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city
was 79.7% white,
1.6% African
American, 0.4% Native
American, 8.3% Asian,
0.1% Pacific
Islander, 6.2% from other
races, and 3.7% from two or more races. Hispanic
or Latino
of any race were 15.9% of the population. There
were 32,449 households out of which 39.7% had
children under the age of 18 living with them,
66.1% were married couples
living together, 8.1% had a female householder
with no husband present, and 22.3% were non-families.
17.3% of all households were made up of individuals
and 6.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years
of age or older. The average household size was
2.84 and the average family size was 3.22.
Age
distribution was 27.1% under the age of 18, 6.6%
from 18 to 24, 30.5% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from
45 to 64, and 10.9% who were 65 years of age or
older. The median age was 38 years. For every
100 females there were 95.7 males. For every 100
females age 18 and over, there were 91.7 males.
According
to a 2008 estimate, the median
household income was $93,330, and the median
family income was $113,439. Males had a median
income of $74,703 versus $53,196 for females.
The per capita income
for the city was $41,459. 1.9% of families and
4.4% of the population were below the poverty
line, including 5.1% of those under age 18
and 6% of those age 65 or over.
Recreation
and services
Mission
Hospital is the largest hospital in south
Orange County and serves as the area's regional
trauma center. It also offers one of two Children's
Hospital of Orange County locations providing
care for children.
Mission
Viejo has numerous recreational areas such as
the Norman
P. Murray Community and Senior Center there
are about two parks per square mile. The city
has three golf courses, The
Mission Viejo Country Club, Casta
del Sol Golf Course, and the Arroyo
Trabuco Golf Club. At the center of the city
is a man-made lake, Lake
Mission Viejo, a private association for Mission
Viejo residents with custom waterfront homes,
condominiums, boat rentals, and swim beaches.
Economy
According
to the City's 2010 Comprehensive Annual Financial
Report, the top employers in the city were:
Marie
Callender's has its corporate headquarters
in the Marie Callender's Corporate Support Center
in Mission Viejo.
Sports
Mission
Viejo has a major youth athletic facility, Mission
Viejo Youth Athletic Park. The park consists of
eight baseball fields and five soccer fields.
It is host to Little League District 68 [2],
AYSO Region 84 [3]
and four competitive soccer clubs: Pateadores
Soccer Club, Mission Viejo Soccer Club, West Coast
Futbol Club, and Saddleback United Soccer Club.
The
Mission Viejo
Nadadores Swimming and Mission Viejo Nadadores
Diving Team won a string of national championships
and produced a number of Olympians and world record
holders in the 1970s and 1980s. Olympians included
Shirley Babashoff, Brian
Goodell, Larson Jenson, Maryanne Graham, Nicole
Kramer, Casy Converse, Marcia Morey, Dara
Torres, and Greg
Louganis.
Mission
Viejo hosted the Road
Cycling Events during the 1984
Summer Olympics held in Los Angeles. The old
O'Neill Road was renamed Olympiad Rd. in honor
of the Olympic events in 1984.
There
is also a soccer facility, now used by the town's
youth soccer program, that was used as a training
field by the United States men's national soccer
team before and during the 1994
FIFA World Cup, hosted by the United States.
Mission Viejo is the largest AYSO Region in the
country.
The
Saddleback College ballpark hosted the Mission
Viejo Vigilantes minor league baseball team
of the Western
Baseball League from 1996-2001. Now the ballpark
has a semi-pro collegiate team, the Orange County
Fire.
Mission
Viejo is also the hometown of New
York Jets quarterback Mark
Sánchez, New
York Yankees pitcher Phil
Hughes, and Washington
Nationals first baseman Adam
LaRoche, former Milwaukee
Brewers pitcher Don
August, Saint
Louis Cardinals outfielder Allen
Craig, Top
Shot Season 4 Champion Chris
Cheng, and PBA Tour Champion Scott Norton.
Education
Mission
Viejo is served by two school districts, the Capistrano
Unified School District and Saddleback
Valley Unified School Districts. Capistrano
Unified serves the eastern, northeastern, and
southern portions of the city with eight schools.
As of 2006, all high school students in the Capistrano
Unified portion of Mission Viejo attend Capistrano
Valley High School. Students from western
Mission Viejo (north of Oso Parkway and west of
Marguerite until Alicia Parkway) attend Saddleback
Valley's Mission
Viejo High School. Far northern Mission Viejo
attends Saddleback Valley's Trabuco
Hills High School, though most of that school
has students from Rancho Santa Margarita and Lake
Forest. A few residents attend Tesoro
High School in Las Flores or the private Santa
Margarita Catholic High School in Rancho Santa
Margarita.
Silverado
High School, Mira Monte High School, and Pathfinder
are continuation and adult schools within the
city. Silverado High School provides a day school
environment while Mira Monte, which shares the
same campus, is strictly independent study.
Saddleback
College, near The
Shops at Mission Viejo and Capistrano
Valley High School, is a large community college
in the southern half of the city. In addition,
the University
of California, Irvine, Chapman
University, Soka
University of America, and California
State University, Fullerton (Irvine
Campus), are nearby in adjacent cities.
La
Tierra Elementary shut down in June 2009 due to
budget cuts. It was chosen due to its small size
and minimal student body. The school will remain
closed until further notice. Mission Viejo residents
refer to La Tierra as "The Little School With
a Big Heart." Students there are reassigned to
Del Cerro Elementary.
O'Neill
Elementary, the city's first elementary school,
closed in June 2009 also due to budget cuts in
SVUSD. Students in the Deane Home community surrounding
the school will be moved to nearby De Portola
Elementary. Students living in the homes north
of the lake will be moved to Melinda Heights Elementary
in Rancho Santa Margarita.
Elementary
Capistrano
Unified
Saddleback
Valley Unified
Private
Middle
school
High
school
College
Notable
people
- Allen
Craig, infielder/outfielder, Major
League Baseball, St.Louis
Cardinals
- Kevin
Fagan, syndicated cartoonist for Drabble
- Brian
Goodell, gold medal and world record holding
swimmer
- Kina
Grannis, singer and songwriter
- Jordan
Harvey, soccer player
- David
Henrie, actor, Wizards
of Waverly Place
- Phil
Hughes, pitcher, Major
League Baseball, New
York Yankees
- Florence
Joyner (1959-1998), gold medal olympic
track runner
- Brianna
Keilar, CNN correspondent,
Mission Viejo High School Homecoming Queen 1998
- Todd
Marinovich, quarterback, National
Football League
- Jason
Miller, American mixed martial artist
- Noah
Munck, actor, iCarly
- Mark
Muñoz, fighter, American mixed martial artist
- Quinton
"Rampage" Jackson, fighter, former UFC Light-Heavyweight
champion
- Carson
Palmer, quarterback, National
Football League, Oakland
Raiders
- Mark
Sanchez, quarterback, National
Football League, New
York Jets
- Kaitlin
Sandeno, swimmer
- Allison
Scurich, soccer player
- Larry
Sherry (1935-2006), Major League Baseball
relief player
- Matt
Sorum,drummer for Guns
N' Roses from 1990-1997.
- Kristy
Swanson, Actress
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